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On Tuesday September 18th, the Outdoor School class was given the privilege of being able to visit and explore the University of Guelph Honey Bee Research Center. We were exposed to many different practices that are used to keep bees, as well as the difficulties Honey Bees in Canada, and around the world, have faced in the past decade. This trip gave myself and many others insight into the environmental impacts bees have on the world we live in, and how we as people may be endangering this delicate ecosystem.

To begin our trip, we embarked on a 25 minute walk through the beautiful University of Guelph Arboretum. Being immersed in nature was a nice way to begin our afternoon at the apiary. Once we arrived, Diane sat us down under some trees and began to tell us about her experiences with recreational beekeeping. She recounted some of her personal stories of bee keeping with her father, and then proceeded to share some valuable information about bees and their way of life. We learned about the different roles that each bee has, and that without these specific roles, the kingdom would not survive.

After our talk with Diane, we headed out back to visit the apiary, and met with two women who work and volunteer there. They got us all suited up in protective gear that would function to protect us from the potential risks of being stung. They proceeded to expand on some information Diane had shared with us previously, and demonstrated how to prepare a smoker and open up a hive. It was interesting to learn about the role of the smoker in preparing a hive to be opened. We learned that one of the main reasons a smoker is used when harvesting honey is to interfere with the bees’ lines of communication. We were told that smoking bee colonies makes bees go into a survival mode, making whoever is harvesting the honey less of a concern to them. When bees smell smoke, it makes them think their hive is going to catch on fire, so their natural instincts tell them to try and save as much honey as they can.

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The hive was then opened and frames were removed to show us the inner workings of a colony. It was unbelievable to see the amount of bees that were clustered on one single frame. We were told that some of their hives contained over 80,000 bees alone! Before allowing us to touch the bees, we were told that we needed to locate the queen. When asked why, it was explained that if the queen had not been located, there would be a possibility that we may accidentally injure her when we touched the bees. If we ended up harming the queen, the hive would be in danger of collapsing.

This lead me to reflect on the delicacy of a Honey Bee hive. The hive relies on one single bee, the queen, who is the one that keeps everything going. Without her, there would be no new bees and the hive would not be able to grow and thrive. However, the queen could not survive without the help of help of her 20,000-80,000 female worker bees. Much like the queen, these worker bees are an essential part of the hive. They forage for pollen, tend to queens and drones, protect the nest and perform other tasks in order to ensure the survival of the hive.

For such small delicate creatures, Honey Bees are resilient. However, resiliency has a threshold.

“Colony collapse disorder is the bill we are getting for all we have done to the bees. It’s just a name that was given to a phenomenon that a hive is found empty. Food is there, honey is there, but the bees are gone” (Gunther Hauk, Queen of the Sun,2011). Beekeepers across the United States lost over 44 percent of their Honey Bee colonies during the year spanning April 2015 to April 2016, according to the Bee Informed Partnership’s tenth annual survey (Thomson, 2016). Rates of both winter loss, summer loss, and total annual losses worsened significantly compared to previous years.

After watching the film “Queen of the Sun: What are the Bees Telling Us?” directed by Taggart Siegel, my eyes were opened to the need for change regarding the bee industry. “We are in such a habit of exploiting, of using nature for our own ends, and the Honey Bees right now are saying “If you continue your ways, I’m withdrawing””(Queen of the Sun, 2011). We choose to use harmful pesticides, such as neonicotinoids, in order to help increase our food production, however, in the process we are destroying our only chance at a sustainable future. As far as important species go, Honey Bees are at the top of the list. They are crucial pollinators, pollinating around 70% of the crop species that feed 90% of the world. (BBC-What Would Happen if Bees Were Extinct, 2014). If we don’t protect the bees, we aren’t protecting ourselves.

Holding baby bees

Local Guelph honey for sale

So what are we doing to help the bees? The real answer is not enough. However, countless individuals around the world are petitioning to make recreational beekeeping legal. Bringing bees to urban areas will help to pollinate the cities as well as bring more of these crucial creatures to the area. A group of people in New York City petitioned to help legalize beekeeping in New York State by explaining that, “The ban (on beekeeping) is outdated and detrimental to the health and well being of our urban environment and our community.” (Jacquie Berger, Queen of the Sun, 2011). Zan Yassin, a third generation beekeeper in New York explains that all she’s really trying to do is “do something simple for nature”. It is upsetting to learn about all the negative issues regarding the bees, however, due to the out pouring of support, I am hopeful for the future of their survival. Because after all, if we don’t protect the bees, are we really protecting ourselves?

Frame from one of the hives.

Inspecting the frame for the Queen

We got to taste honey straight off the frame!

Morgan Mizzoni

References

1. Queen of the Sun. Dir. Taggart Siegel. Collective Eye Films, 2011. Kanopy. Web. 25 Sep. 2018.
2. Thomson, Jason. “Bees Are in Trouble. What’s Being Done to Save Them?” The Christian Science Monitor, 11 May 2016, www.csmonitor.com/Science/2016/0511/Bees-are-in-trouble.-What-s-being-done-to-save-them.
3. “What Would Happen If Bees Went Extinct?” BBC News, BBC, 4 May 2014, www.bbc.com/future/story/20140502-what-if-bees-went-extinct.

In 2006, the term ‘colony collapse’ disorder was created in the United States to describe the mass disappearance of honey bees from their hives. Throughout history, it has not been unheard of for bee disappearances to occur occasionally, so why the sudden buzz? The answer lies in the alarming fact that the bees began disappearing in a magnitude yet unseen and not only contained to North America but echoed throughout the world. The documentary, “Queen of the Sun: What are the bees telling us?”, brings to light the struggle of biodynamic beekeepers, farmers, and scientists worldwide in tackling the threats not only to the honey bees but, by extension, to ourselves.

Human beings have coexisted with bees for nearly 10,000 years. As of today, the United States Department of Agriculture states that almost one-third of the food we eat is pollinated mainly by honey bees. As Ian Davies, a rooftop beekeeper situated in London, says in the film, “If we don’t protect them, then we’re not protecting ourselves.”

One of the main threats the film focuses on is the mechanization that has happened to the practice of beekeeping in order to increase profits, and subsequently its negative effects on the health of the bee population. Industrialized farming driving monoculture and pesticide use is explored, highlighting the necessitation of beekeepers to now provide pollination services. Eric Olson, a migratory beekeeper, explains that the business involves practices that are not beneficial to the bees but are necessary in order to stay in business. Due to monoculture farming in many places not providing bees an environment where they can nourish themselves, bees are flown worldwide every year to aid in pollination. In California alone, nearly 2 million bees are flown in annually to pollinate orchard fields. Not only does this introduce new diseases to the native colonies, the process of transporting the bees is highly stressful and makes them more susceptible to illness and even death as they cannot forage when they are on the road (Simone-Finstrom et al., 2016).

Before being transported, the bees are fed with high-fructose corn syrup in an attempt to strengthen them. Roy Arbon, an organic beekeeper, explains that in the sugar oxytetracycline or tetramycin is used in attempts to control disease. When humans consume the honey that is produced by those bees, they too consume the antibiotics and develop resistance to them. This scene caused me to think of the organic farm we visited at the beginning of the course and how important of a role every aspect of food production plays. The abundance of pesticides and antibiotics in today’s farming practices does not come without costly downsides to our health as well. When one aspect of the environment suffers- even something as seemingly small as a honeybee- the rest follows. Our interconnection and dependance on the environment is the reason organic farmers such as Martha are so important.

In 1923, the scientist and philosopher Rudolf Steiner predicted that industrialization and the mechanization of beekeeping will eventually destroy the bees. Nearly a century later, his predictions are coming to fruition and we need to face head-on the harsh reality that our exploitation of nature for our own means is causing the loss of a species necessary to our survival. Rather than ignore the alarm the bees are sounding, in the words of Steiner, “Everybody should be interested in beekeeping. Our lives depend on it.”

Reference:

Simone-Finstrom et al. (2011). Migratory management and environmental conditions affect lifespan and oxidative stress in honey bees. Retrieved from https://www.nature.com/articles/srep32023

On Tuesday September 11^th, our class headed off campus to a small organic farm where we met Martha, the founder of this beautiful place. She gave us a tour of the grounds and an insight into the enormous amounts of hard work that go into organic farming. Martha explained to us how everything is accounted for in an organic farm, from the soil to the animals that come by for a snack! It is important to understand the cycles and chain reactions that happen within this small environment, as every factor affects the food that is produced.

Martha went on to explain how this farm’s soul purpose is to show people that while organic farming is hard work, the final product is always worth it. Although the farm has always struggled financially, they always value the important work they are doing over any amount of profit. They want to show people that it feels good to eat good, it’s that simple! Martha’s goal for her farm is to do as much as possible to make the least amount of impact on the environment, as she always ensures the land from which she produces her food is being respected. Martha shows so much gratitude for her land and all the plants she works with, and she is so in tune with all the different organisms. She explained how when certain plants aren’t thriving in the system, it is important not to push, and to instead let go and trust that the earth knows what is best for the system at that time.

Unfortunately, Martha has faced an extreme lack of support from the university for years, as the agriculture program has such a large impact in the university’s values. The University of Guelph is partnered with many farming organizations and pesticide companies that help pay for not only the agricultural program, but the institute as a whole as well (Livesey, 2017). Accepting donations and funding from pesticide manufacturers causes a large debate on the safety of the company’s product, as there is often not a full disclosure that the company is funding the research involving the product itself (Livesey, 2017). This corruption in the system causes industry-funded scientists to mandate an incredibly high amount of verification before they will accept something as toxic (Livesey, 2017). This exploitation is a main factor in the lack of support Martha receives for her farm, as she refuses to use any pesticides or toxins in her system.

We all learned a great deal about organic farming, as well as its amazing cycles and products. We finished our tour off by taste testing some of the delicious raspberries right off the bush! We were also accompanied by a dog, Shep, who spends a lot of time helping out on the farm. Before we left, we spent some time getting our hands dirty in the garden while helping to pull some weeds. This was a great way to feel the energy of the farm and to gain even more insight to the amazing efforts that go into organic farming. Overall, I realized that life is a lot like organic farming, you get out of it what you put into it!

Reference: Livesey, Bruce. “Big Agro on Campus.” The Walrus, 11 Apr. 2017, thewalrus.ca/big-agro-on-campus/

https://jennykendler.com/artwork/4395215-Offering.html

Woohoo! Lets reminisce on the first time we met Martha, our beloved small organic farm owner. For me this was the first time I ever stepped foot on any organic farm, let alone one walking distance from a University. To be completely honest I was expecting a traditional farm with perhaps extra vegetation. When we finally arrived at her farm I was surprised upon the realization that there were no chickens running around or farm dogs and cats. Her farm was small, dirty, scattered, and different. Of course, after being shown around more and actually getting the opportunity to volunteer there, I soon realized how important this small, dirty, scattered farm really is.

Of course, a spontaneous task was assigned! Of course we all agreed we would be happy to help her. This first visit included gathering squash for the farmers market. Half of us were scouters looking for squash and cutting them off by the stem. The other half os us resembled an assembly line and passed down the squash to the be sorted in an orderly fashion.

Posted By: Alexa Aleman-Pastor